How to Make Ur Pennies Shiny Again

Accept the residue of the pennies out of the liquid. Rinse them really well nether running h2o, and put them on a paper towel to dry out. Write "rinsed" on the second paper towel. Put a nail and a screw into the liquid. Lean another blast confronting the side of the bowl so that only part of it is in the liquid
	Later 10 minutes, take a await at the nails. Are they a dissimilar color than they were earlier? Is the leaning nail 2 dissimilar colors? If non, leave the nails in the basin and check on them again in an hr or so.

What's happening to the screw? You may see lots and lots of fizzing bubbling coming from the threads. Is the screw changing color? Leave it in the liquid for a while and encounter what happens.

Later about an 60 minutes, wait at the pennies on the newspaper towels. What'due south happened to the ones you rinsed? What'south happened to the others? What color is the paper towel under the unrinsed pennies?

Why did the pennies look dirty before I put them in the vinegar?

Everything effectually you is made upwardly of tiny particles called atoms. Some things are made up of only one kind of atom. The copper of a penny, for example, is made upwards of copper atoms. Simply sometimes atoms of different kinds join to make molecules. Copper atoms can combine with oxygen atoms from the air to brand a molecule called copper oxide. The pennies looked slow and muddy because they were covered with copper oxide.

Why did the vinegar and salt make clean the pennies?

Copper oxide dissolves in a mixture of weak acrid and table salt-and vinegar is an acid. You could too clean your pennies with table salt and lemon juice or orange juice, because those juices are acids, too.

Why did the unrinsed pennies turn blue-green?

When the vinegar and salt dissolve the copper-oxide layer, they brand it easier for the copper atoms to join oxygen from the air and chlorine from the salt to brand a bluish-green chemical compound chosen malachite.

How did the nail and the spiral get coated with copper?

To understand how the smash and spiral got coated with copper, you need to empathize a lilliputian fleck more than about atoms. Atoms are made up of even smaller particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons and protons are both electrically charged particles. Electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged. Negative charges attract positive charges, then electrons attract protons.

When y'all put your muddied pennies in the vinegar and salt, the copper oxide and some of the copper dissolve in the water. That means some copper atoms get out the penny and start floating effectually in the liquid. But when these copper atoms get out the penny, they get out some of their electrons backside. Rather than having whole copper atoms in the liquid, you've got copper ions, copper atoms that are missing two electrons. These ions are positively charged.

Now add together two steel nails and a screw to the mixture. Steel is a metallic made by combining iron, other metals, and carbon. Every bit you constitute out when you cleaned your pennies, your mixture of salt and vinegar is really skilful at dissolving metals and metal oxides. When yous put the steel boom in the mixture, some of the iron dissolves. Like the copper atoms, each of the atomic number 26 atoms that dissolves leaves 2 electrons behind. So you've got positively charged iron ions floating in your vinegar with the positively charged copper ions.

Originally, the steel nail was neutrally charged-just when the fe ions left their electrons behind, the nail and then became neg-atively charged. And recall what we said way back at the beginning of this section: negative charges concenter positive charges. The negative charges on the nail attract positive charges in the liquid. Both the iron ions and the copper ions are positively charged. The copper ions are more than strongly attracted to the negative charge than the iron ions, so they stick to the negatively charged blast, forming a coating of copper on the steel.

Why did bubbling come up off the steel screw?

Each water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom. In an acid (like vinegar or lemon juice), lots of hydrogen ions (hydrogen atoms that are missing an electron) are floating around. In the chemical reactions at the surface of the spiral, some of these hydrogen ions bring together and form hydrogen gas. The bubbles that yous run across coming off the screw are made of hydrogen gas.

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Source: https://www.exploratorium.edu/science_explorer/copper_caper.html

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